Donk Poker Meaning

While 'donk' or 'donk bet' technically refer to a specific type of bet, they are more commonly used to refer to any sort of terrible bet. A donk bet can actually be a good move, depending on the situation. Some donk bets are premeditated stop-and-go bets. Donkey, Fish, Donkament, Calling Station. A donk bet is betting out before the aggressor on the previous street has chance to bet. You check/call the flop, and then bet out on the turn. Float Bet A float bet is calling behind on one street and then betting if checked to on the next. You call behind on the turn, and then your opponent checks the river and you bet. The poker term 'donk bet' was actually coined relatively recently, only coming into prominence over the last decade or so. It started out as a somewhat derogatory way of describing a bad play. This play is referred to as a donk bet because for the most part, bad players use donk bets seemingly randomly, but if used with a well-balanced range or a range designed to exploit the defender’s tendencies, they can be a powerful tactic. Donk bet In poker, donk betting means betting out of position (you must act first) without the betting initiative (you did not make the last bet or raise on the previous betting round.).

Donk Betting is a term that is often misused or misunderstood. The term does not mean the player making the bet is a donk, or that they’ve done something donkey-like. In this article we are going to define what it is and talk about some situations where one might wish to use this play.

Donk Betting Defined:

‘A donk bet is a bet that is made into the aggressor from the prior betting round, denying them an opportunity to make a continuation bet’.

So for example, a player in middle position opens for a raise, the button, and the big blind calls. On the flop, the most common action for the big blind is to “check to the raiser”, allowing them an opportunity to c-bet (continue their betting lead in the hand) or check. If, however, the big blind leads right out into the preflop raiser, that by definition is a donk bet. It’s important to note, this bet is only when there is a continuation bet opportunity that the bettor is denying by “donking out” (donk betting) into the prior street’s aggressor.

If the pot is limped preflop, any flop bet is simply referred to as a lead (taking the betting lead), not a donk bet as there is no player who has seized the betting lead preflop with a raise. If the flop is checked around, a turn bet is, again, a lead… not a donk bet. If the aggressor from the prior street fails to continuation bet, any future bet is not a donk bet, just a lead. In the example above, if the big blind “checks to the raiser”, the preflop raiser checks, and the button now bets, they are not donk betting as the PFR already had an opportunity to c-bet and simply failed to do so.

In short, any time there is an aggressor from the prior street, and they are denied an opportunity to continue their aggressive lead in the hand by being bet into on the current street, that’s a donk bet.

Now that we are clear on what donk betting is, let’s talk about some situations one might wish to use a donk bet.

When the PFR (pre-flop raiser) isn’t expected to C-bet.
When our hand is at its apex of strength.
When many future cards will freeze action.
When we want to trap players in multiway pots.

Example 1

Say we have been raised from MP and defend our big blind with JTo. The flop comes T87. This is a texture that the preflop raiser may not c-bet frequently as it interacts well with many hands in the caller’s range. If the opponent is a low-frequency c-bettor to begin with, or reasonably savvy, you can expect them to check back this texture a lot and take free cards with AK/AQ/KQ/99 and the like. Adopting a donking bet strategy here will serve to deny equity to these hands. Additionally, with the gut shot component along with our pair, a donk bet is resilient to a flop raise, so you can continue vs. all but the most outrageous sizing’s should you be raised. Here conditions 1 and 3 are met.

Example 2

There’s a preflop raise and we defend our BB with 66. The flop comes 732. The standard line is to check/call, but this is a nice spot to consider a donk bet. If we do check and the preflop raiser checks behind us they are benefiting from a free card. Additionally, our hand strength is going to stay the same or get worse on most run outs… it’s just about as strong as it’s going to be right now. Our hand is clearly too strong to fold to a single continuation bet, but it’s not really strong enough to check/raise, and check/calling can get awkward on the turn as if we check again and the villain checks behind us, they get to realize their equity against us. If we do check/call flop, consider donking the turn to prevent high cards from realizing that equity.

Example 3

There are 3 limpers, and the button raises. We call from the big blind with 6♥5♥ and all 3 limpers call. The flop comes 10♥7♥2♥ . This is a great spot to consider leading out with a donk bet. We have 3 weaker players between us and the preflop raiser who we may be able to trap for a flop call before the preflop raiser potentially raises, which they may do with a big heart or overpair to “protect their hand”. Our hand is literally at the apex of its strength, and a 4th heart coming will freeze the action, if it doesn’t beat us. Additionally, should everyone check to the raiser, they may opt to check behind with some unpaired misses, allowing the entire field a free card for that 4th heart. All four conditions are met in this example.

Donk betting is a largely misunderstood and woefully underutilized tool, but it has valid applications and can be a powerful added weapon in your arsenal. Hands that don’t really fit well into any other range may be great candidates for a donk bet. That is hands that aren’t really good enough to check/call or are awkward to do so, not quite strong enough to check/raise, but a bit too strong to check/fold. If your hand seems to not fit well anywhere else, and some of the criteria above are met, you have a prime donk betting situation to take advantage of.

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What is a donk-bet anyway?

It's become so standard for players to check to the preflop-aggressor that any action otherwise is often associated with being a “donk” - poker slang for a 'donkey' or a very bad player.

Assuming we decide to cold-call OOP vs 1 opponent, it's ingrained into the majority of reasonable players that we should be checking the flop with 100% frequency. If we have a strong hand or a bluff we can go for a check-raise, if we have something in the middle we can go for a check-call.

What about leading out into the preflop-aggressor instead of checking? This would be referred to as a “donk-bet”.

Is Donking Bad?

There is actually nothing inherently bad with donk-betting, at least in most cases. The reason why it's considered as bad is simply because it is a non-standard line. This doesn't automatically mean that the expectation won't be higher than checking – it will be a much better option in some situations.

The truth is that in theory, no-one really knows yet whether donking heads-up is correct or not. There are some general ideas that if a texture connects with our range harder than our opponents it's correct to open up a donk-betting range – but this kind of thing is very difficult to balance and not yet solved.

The thing we can say for certain is that exploitatively it can be correct to have a donk-betting range and it's something that the majority of players are not doing.

Exploitative Donk-Bets – The Flop

There are few pieces of information we are interested in.

Fold-to-Flop-Donk-Bet
Cbet Flop
Raise-vs-Flop-Donk-Bet

Fold to Donk - The application of this should be somewhat obvious. If a guy plays reasonably well overall but for some reason folds 60%+ to donk-bets, then this is clearly something we should be attempting to exploit.

The reason why most people miss out on this opportunity is because they don't have the fold-to-donk information directly on their HUD. And seriously, who wants to open up a popup every single time we are OOP as the cold-caller just to check if our opponent is folding too much to donk-bets. In other words, this is a stat that you really should include on your main HUD, even if many of your poker comrades do not.

Cbet Flop – This one might seem a little less obvious, since surely we only care about this if we decide not to donk-bet? This is not the case.

Actually, the main reason why checking to the PFR became so standard Poker

was because cbetting became so standard. For a long time many players would automatically fire a continuation bet every time they were the PFR and then begin making actual decisions on the turn.

So since c-betting was a foregone conclusion, the cold-caller would nearly always do better by checking his value-hands/bluffs and going for a check-raise. Donking wouldn't really accomplish that much, we'd just miss out on some free dead money.

So what if our opponent rarely cbets? Now we are in a situation where we want to extract value on the flop and want to avoid giving a free turn card, especially if our hand is vulnerable. Check/raising as a bluff will be somewhat fruitless since our opponent will not cbet much and if he does he is going to have a strong hand anyway. So as a general rule, when opponent rarely cbets, we should consider taking the initiative ourselves and leading the flop more frequently.

Raise-vs-Donk – This stat can be truly awesome. There is a school of poker thought out there that says “always raise donk-bets because they are weak”. The idea is that most strong hands will generally still go for a check-raise rather than a donk, so a donk looks like a weakish protection bet. We can see how the strategy of always raising finds its application, but on the other hand, think about how ridiculously exploitable it can be if we find a reg who is following the above ethos.

Every time we have a set or other strong made hand we simply donk-bet, call our opponent's raise and expect to get a decent amount of turn barrels. (Common advice is to raise flop and auto-fire turn but give up on the river without value). So, bet/call flop, check/call turn, donk-bet river.

Exploitative Donk-Betting – Turn and River

Most of the same principles apply for other streets. We are interested in -

How much our opponent is folding to donks
How much he is c-betting
How much will he raise vs donks

So let's say we find a guy who loves to fire cbets in position but doesn't follow through on the turn without a strong hand. We can consider taking the line where we check/call flop, donk-bet turn. It will usually be a superior line to checking twice, since by checking twice we are simply either giving a free river card the majority of the time or facing a cbet from an extremely strong range.

The river is where it can get interesting. Have you ever 2 barreled in position on a flush-draw (two-tone) texture and then faced a donk-bet on the river when the flush completes? This will be a flush so often, it's extremely difficult to call without a very strong made hand. We should be able to see that in some cases the line can be useful as a bluff.

Imagine for example we check/call two streets OOP with KJ on a

TQ52 board texture.

Many of you will probably realise that depending on the sizings and effective stacks that the turn check/call OOP with oesd on double-flush texture is barely profitable. We just don't get the right implied on the river OOP when we hit.

However, what if we were willing to donk-bluff hearts and clubs when they hit? We probably have some flush-draws that might play this way also. Depending on the type of opponent we face this can be a very strong strategy and help to make an otherwise slightly losing turn call into a profitable enterprise.

But assuming we hit, is donking the river for value always the best option or should we check and hope to get in a check/raise if the stacks allow? Once again this comes down to our opponent's suspected river barrelling frequency. If we expect him to check the river with a high frequency then naturally value-donk-betting ourselves is going to have a considerably higher expectation. Assuming our opponent will nearly always fire then checking river OOP will be correct.

If we have an understanding of how our opponent's range is constructed it will help greatly with understanding how frequently he will fire the river.

The general idea is as follows -

Villain has a polarized range and/or is aggressive – Check River
Villain has a merged range and/or is passive – Donk River

The idea here is assuming our opponent is polarized he will fire very frequently, either for value or as a bluff. Assuming he is merged and has more mid-strength hands there is a higher chance that he will check back when the river comes bad since he can no longer value-bet. He might consider calling a donk-bet though since he really wants to get to showdown.

Donking Multiway

All the situations we have discussed so far pertain specifically to a heads-up battle. When we start playing multi-way flops things change somewhat drastically.

The natural inclination is to attempt to play in a multi-way situation in exactly the same way that we would play in a heads-up situation – I.e always checking to the PFR. The general consensus amongst good players is that we should now be opening up a donk-betting range as standard.

This donk-betting range should contain a mixture of draws and vulnerable value-hands. For example we hit bottom set on a Q97 flop.

Checking will usually end up being inferior to donk-betting here. We should also lead a selection of hands such as flush-draws, oesds, gutshots and vulnerable pairs. So if we have something like QT on the above texture it is usually stronger to donk-bet small rather than check.

The general idea is that giving free cards in multi-way situations is a lot more costly than giving free cards heads up, so we should generally avoid doing this where possible. We'll also find that when someone cbets multi-way they will often have a much stronger range than average which makes check/calling and check/raising strategies less effective.

Where do we start?

The logical place to start here is to get your HUD kitted out with the appropriate stats. At the very least you should know where to find these stats in your popups – but ideally some of them will be placed on your main HUD so you can check them with ease.

The second step is to simply consider donk-betting in every situation where it is possible. Don't just auto-check to the PFR like 90% of other regs are doing. Stop and think. Could donk-betting in this situation potentially have a higher expectation than the standard check to the PFR?